ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: The food industry is in a continuous search for strategies of reducing of antibiotic residues in livestock production, given the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In that context, there is a consistent increasing in the usage of alternative feed phytogenic additives. Due to the pharmacological, the plants Marrubium vulgare and Leonurus sibiricus, are both potential replacements for growth-promoting antibiotics. This study evaluated the productive performance and analyze the sensory qualities in the meat of broiler that were administered M. vulgare and L. sibiricus infusions. A total of 320 chicks from an poultry farm were distributed in 8 groups groups according treatments by 28 days: Control Group (Saline); Positive control (tylosin 1%, 50 ppm); Groups of M. vulgare (MV) infusion: 2% (MV2), 4% (MV4) and 6% (MV6); and groups treated with L. sibiricus (LS) infusion: 2% (LS2), 4% (LS4) and 6% (LS6), all of them received relative doses corresponding to the live weight percentage in milliliter. There was weght gain in MV6 and LS6 group and a better food conversion in MV4, MV6, LS4, and LS6. In addition, weight gain and enhancement of the pectoral muscles were observed in these groups. The sensory analysis revealed that the broilers' meat of MV had a more intense flavor. For marketing purposes the meat from birds that received LS had a better demand. Improvement of productive performance and sensory qualities of the broilers meat might be associated with the phytobiotic activity in it. Therefore, MV and LS can be used as natural growth promoter in broilers.
RESUMO: A indústria de alimentos busca a redução de resíduos de antibióticos na criação intensiva de animais de produção devido ao desenvolvimento de bactérias resistentes. Nesse contexto, tem havido um aumento no uso de aditivos fitogênicos alternativos nas rações. Devido às suas propriedades farmacológicas demonstradas anteriormente as plantas Marrubium vulgare e Leonurus sibiricus tem potencial como aditivos em substituição aos antibióticos promotores de crescimento. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo e analisar as qualidades sensoriais da carne de frangos que receberam a administração da infusão da M. vulgare (MV) e da L. sibiricus (LS). 320 pintainhas de um criatório industrial foram distribuídas em oito grupos experimentais: Grupo Controle (Salina); Controle Positivo (tilosina 1%, 50 ppm); Grupos tratados com MV: 2% (MV2), 4% (MV4) e 6% (MV6); e grupos tratados com a LS: 2% (LS2), 4% (LS4) e 6% (LS6), e todos eles receberam doses relativas correspondendo à percentagem de peso vivo, em mililitros. Houve maior ganho de peso no 28o dia nos grupos MV6 e LS6 e melhor conversão alimentar em MV4, MV6, LS4 e LS6. Além disso, foi observado aumento no peso e circunferência dos músculos peitorais nesses grupos. A análise sensorial revelou que amostras de carne do grupo MV tiveram sabor mais intenso do que no grupo controle. Na intenção de compra, a carne dos animais que receberam LS teve maior preferência. A melhoria do desempenho produtivo e das características sensoriais da carne de frangos pode estar associada à atividade fitobiótica. Assim, MV e LS podem ser usados como promotores de crescimento naturais para frangos de corte.
ABSTRACT
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Persea cordata Mez. (Lauraceae) is a medicinal plant used in veterinary ethnopharmacology, which is a popular medicine used as an anti-inflammatory and healing agent, mainly on animal skin diseases, characterized by cutaneous open wounds, in South Brazil. AIM OF THIS STUDY: The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible antiedematogenic effect of ethyl acetate (EtAc) and butanol (BuOH) polar fractions of Persea cordata on Evans blue dye leakage induced by pro-inflammatory agents in rat skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats (180-200 g, n=5-6) were pretreated with a single intraperitoneal administration of EtAc or BuOH (1 to 600 mg kg(-1)) fractions followed by intravenous Evans blue dye injection (1%, 30 mg kg(-1), i.v.), 60 min before the injection of phlogistic agents. Animals received intradermal injections (0.05 ml) of carrageenan (CAR, 300 µg/site), 48/80 compound (C4880, 10 µg/site), histamine (HIS, 0.3 µg/site), serotonin (5-HT, 0.01 µg/site), dextran (DEX, 200 µg/site), bradykinin (BK, 0.003 µg/site), capsaicin (CPS, 400 µg/site), substance P (SP, 0.003 µg/site) or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 10 nmol/site) and they were submitted to euthanasia after 60 min. Skin samples were obtained in the extravasation sites of Evans blue dye. Skin fragments were soaked in formamide at 37°C (during 24h) for Evans blue extraction. The amount of dye leakage in the tissue fragment was determined by a spectrophotometer (620 nm). RESULTS: In a very similar manner in terms of potency and efficacy, systemic administration of EtAc and BuOH fractions caused dose-dependent inhibition of vascular Evans blue dye leakage induced by phlogistic agents in the rat skin. The results obtained (ID50 values in mgkg(-1) and maximal inhibition in %) with EtAc fraction, as follows were: CAR (34.42 and 63.0), 4880 (8.52 and 59.1), HIS (21.22 and 66.8), 5-HT (32.99 and 73.4), DEX (41.74 and 67.0), BK (34.03 and 68.0), CPS (100.7 and 77), SP (2.1 and 78.9) and PGE2 (133 and 71.0). BuOH fraction significantly inhibited CAR (25.9 and 70)-, 4880 (36.8 and 66)-, HIS (17.6 and 77)-, 5-HT (32.8 and 56)-, DEX (89.6 and 75)-, BK (28.0 and 66)-, CPS (136.37 and 71)-, SP (5.6 and 78)- and PGE2 (109.64 and 56)-induced VE, respectively. CONCLUSION: Systemic administration of Persea cordata polar fractions exerts a non-specific inhibitory effect on microvascular leakage induced by pro-inflammatory agents in rat skin, probably to interfering with different biological systems involved in the development of the inflammatory process, reinforcing the popular use of Persea cordata as an anti-inflammatory and healing agent for skin.
